How does someone get genital herpes?

Herpes is transmitted through skin-to-skin contact. Our skin protects us from bacteria and viruses. We have a natural barrier made of keratin that the herpes virus cannot penetrate. The virus cannot sustain itself outside of a host cell for very long. It quickly dries and becomes sterile. However, this keratin layer is thinner in the mouth and genital area. These areas are also moist and warm during sexual intercourse. All of these factors favor herpes transmission. Maybe that is why genital herpes is usually transmitted sexually. The virus can also penetrate a small cut or scratch and then settle in the nearest ganglion.
Genital herpes, however, is not always present in the skin. When it is dormant it stays in the sacral ganglion. At this stage, you can’t get herpes from an infected person. From time to time, herpes wakes up and travels through the nerve paths to the skin. It can then develop into an outbreak or just linger there for a while. It takes 2 days to a week before blisters appear. Sometimes, outbreaks don’t develop at all, yet the virus is still present in the skin. This is called shedding. That’s why a person can be contagious without being aware of it. You’ll learn more about this in the shedding section. Transmission occurs when the virus is present in the skin cells and these cells make contact with other skin cells in a moist area where the keratin layer is either very thin or broken.

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